Proposed Topic of Study:
Since their exile from Judea in 586 BCE by the Babylonians, and from Jerusalem in 135 CE by the Roman Empire, the “wandering jews” of the Diaspora have settled in neighbourhoods and ghettos in cities throughout Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and more recently North America.
With the emancipation and Zionist movements beginning in the late nineteenth century, later strengthened by the fallout of the Holocaust and the founding of the State of Israel, architecture has taken on a new role in the quest for Israel and the Jewish people to become a “nation among nations”. Mendelsohn phrased this ambition as “waiting for the dignity of our people to finally come to expression in its architecture.” To finally alleviate the 2000 year-old displaced sense of home and create a place for the Jewish people.
Perhaps in response to the previous trend of exploring the lack of Jewish artistic (and to a lesser degree, architectural) expression or legacy there has recently been an interest in trying to account for the increasing visibility and prominance of Jewish architects and architectural projects in the mid to late twentieth century. The exhibit by the Jewish Historical Museum in Amsterdam "Yibaneh! Jewish Identity in Contemporary Architecture" and publication of a book by the same name during Summer 2004 (Yibaneh is Hebrew for "it shall be built"), has apparently further fuelled this debate.
Though perhaps to some degree, reunified by the terrors of the Holocaust and the re-appropriation of their homeland, the Jewish people remain a highly multicultural and diverse community. The materialization of the various approaches to solidifying or expressing Jewish identity through architecture has, therefore been greatly contested and criticized on many fronts.
Proposed Architectural Project:
Especially in Orthodox communities, newcomer and established Jewish families, despite their cultural differences, are still locally united by traditional, dietary, ritualistic and ceremonial needs, Specifically, Sabbath restrictions have demanded unique urban as well as ritual morphology “to adjust the law to the new urban situation of the Jewish community”
Precedent for the former condition include Bathurst St. in Toronto, and the proposed Taube-Koret Campus for Jewish Life in Palo Alto, California which is advertising itself as “Silicone Valley's Jewish Town Square”. An example of ritual morphology is the Eruv projects in Jewish communities around the world. The role of the eruv to symbolically extend the private domain into the public to permit otherwise restricted activities during the Sabbath. The eruvim are based on the concepts of 'public domain', 'private domain' and 'free place' as defined in the Talmud.
The intention of the project is to propose a decentralized, satellite Altneuland (“old-new-land” borrowed from Theodor Herzl's Zionist writings) as the “place” for the Jewish people which does not deny the millennia of Diaspora and where Jerusalem continues to act as symbolic centre. Furthermore, it proposes a Jewish architecture not directly dependent on religious or memorial programs, but rather on community.